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Poorest Countries in the World 2024

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Poorest Countries in the World 2024

The world’s poorest countries suffer from civil wars, ethnic and sectarian strife. COVID-19, soaring inflation and the war in Ukraine made their bad situations worse.

The world has enough wealth and resources to ensure that the entire human race enjoys a decent standard of living. Yet, people in countries like Burundi, South Sudan and the Central African Republic continue to live in desperate poverty.  For other likely contenders for the undesirable title of the world’s poorest country—Afghanistan, Syria and Eritrea—years of political instability and conflict make it impossible to even attempt an assessment due to the lack of reliable economic figures.

So how do we determine the poorest countries in the world? While GDP per capita is often considered the standard metric, compensating for differences in living costs and rates of inflation by using purchasing power parity (PPP) can better assess an individual’s buying power in any given country.

It is hard to pinpoint a single cause for long-term poverty. Corrupt governments can make a very rich nation into a poor one. And so can a history of exploitative colonization, weak rule of law, war and social unrest, severe climate conditions or hostile, aggressive neighbors. Weaknesses compound: A country in debt will not be able to afford good schools, and a poorly educated workforce will limit capacity.

Underprivileged households worldwide suffered the severest social and economic consequences of the coronavirus pandemic. In the world’s poorest nations, where high levels of informal employment are also prevalent,  there were no social safety nets or temporary loans to keep businesses open and workers employed. The World Bank has forecasted that in low and middle-income countries, the current generation of students could lose up to 10% of their future average annual income.

Before Covid-19, the fraction of the world’s population living in extreme poverty—meaning on less than $1.90 a day—had fallen below 10% from more than 35% in 1990. The pandemic not only halted but reversed that progress: since the onset of the health emergency to the end of 2022, when in response to the rising cost of living the International Poverty Line (IPL) was also revised to $2.15, the World Bank estimated that an additional 198 million people were likely to have entered the ranks of the extremely poor. More recently, the institution has also stated that half of the world’s 75 most vulnerable countries are facing a widening income gap with the wealthiest economies for the first time in this century. Over the past two decades, it was widely believed that—as a result of lower-income nations generally improving their living standards faster than mature economies—the progressive economic convergence of richer and poorer countries would ultimately take place. Yet, one out of three in this particularly vulnerable group of 75 nations home to a quarter of humanity, 1.9 billion people, today is poorer than it was on the eve of the Covid-19 pandemic.

The numbers are striking: in the 10 richest countries in the world the average yearly per-capita purchasing power it is over $110,000, in the 10 poorest is less than $1,500. The worst part is that poverty is often likely to foster more poverty. In the latest edition of the World Economic Outlook report, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) explains how impoverished nations could slide further into hardship: “The growth decline implies worsening prospects or living standards and global poverty reduction. An entrenched low-growth environment, coupled with high interest rates, would threaten debt sustainability and could fuel social tension and hinder the green transition. Furthermore, expectations of weaker growth may deter investment in capital and technologies and so, in part, become self-fulfilling.”

Top 10 Poorest Countries in the World

Below is a ranking of the ten poorest countries, starting from the country ranked tenth poorest and progressing to the country ranked as the top poorest in the world for 2024. For the complete ranking of the world’s countries from poorest to richest, click here.

10. Yemen 🇾🇪 

Current International Dollars: 1,996 | View Yemen’s GDP & Economic Data

This country of roughly 35 million, one of the most impoverished on the Arabian Peninsula, has been embroiled in conflict since late 2014 as a result of the power struggle between the Saudi-backed government and the rebel Houthi movement. The war has claimed the lives of more than 150,000 people, shattered the economy and destroyed critical infrastructure. As a result, today, in this oil-rich land over 80% of the population lives in poverty.

9. Madagascar🇲🇬

Current International Dollars: 1,979 | View Madagascar’s GDP & Economic Data

Since becoming independent from France in 1960, Madagascar has experienced bouts of political instability, violent coups and disputed elections. Elected in 2019, president Andry Rajoelina came to power promising to tackle corruption, reduce poverty, and develop the economy. Mostly, they turned out to be just that: promises. Madagascar still holds one of the highest poverty rates in the world at about 75%, growth is sluggish, and inflation stands at nearly 8%. Still, Rajoelina was re-elected  in December 2023.

To be fair, the country was also faced with an unprecedented series of challenges. Along with the economic and social consequences of the Covid-19 pandemic, when in 2022 grain deliveries from Ukraine collapsed following the Russian invasion, food prices skyrocketed, deepening the suffering of the citizens of the island. In addition, Madagascar ranks among the top 10 countries globally most vulnerable to climate hazards, with drought, floods and cyclones resulting in deaths and population displacement, and damage to homes, infrastructures and crops.

8. Liberia🇱🇷

Current International Dollars: 1882 | View Liberia’s GDP & Economic Data

Africa’s oldest republic has ranked amongst the poorest countries in the world for many years. Expectations were high when the former football star George Weah became president in 2018. His years in office were instead marred by high inflation, unemployment and negative economic growth, until in 2023 he was defeated by opposition leader and former vice-president Joseph Boakai in a new round of elections. Boakai might have it easier than Weah: after contracting in 2020 and 2021, growth re-started in 2022. It is now projected to reach about 5.3% in 2024 and to stay above 6% in the years ahead.

7. Malawi🇲🇼

Current International Dollars: 1,712 | View Malawi’s GDP & Economic Data

One of Africa’s smallest nations, Malawi’s economy—largely dependent upon rain-fed crops—remains vulnerable to weather-related shocks. Food insecurity in rural parts is extremely high.

Malawi has enjoyed stable governments since it gained independence from Britain in 1964. However, in 2020, the constitutional court annulled former president Peter Mutharika’s win in the general elections citing vote tampering. Theologian and politician Lazarus Chakwera, who was sworn in his place, declared that he wanted to provide the kind of leadership that makes everybody prosper, but structural changes have been slow to materialize. Today, Malawi is grappling with an economic crisis that has led to fuel shortages, a surge in food prices, and a sharp devaluation of the currency. In 2023, according to the World Bank, over 70% of the population was estimated to be living below the international poverty line.

6. Niger🇳🇪

Current International Dollars:  1,675 | View Niger’s GDP & Economic Data

With 80% of its landlocked territory covered by the Sahara Desert and a rapidly growing population dependent upon small-scale agriculture, Niger is under threat from desertification. Food insecurity is high, as are disease and mortality rates. Recurrent clashes of the army with the Islamic State (ISIS) affiliate Boko Haram have displaced thousands.

In 2021, Niger inaugurated a new president—ex-teacher and former interior minister Mohamed Bazoum—in its first democratic transfer of power. With the economy expanding by 12% in 2022, things appeared to be looking up. Yet, in the summer of 2023, Bazoum was ousted and imprisoned by members of his presidential guard. The military junta has remained in power ever since.

5. Mozambique🇲🇿

Current International Dollars: 1,649 | View Mozambique’s GDP & Economic Data

Rich in resources and strategically located, this former Portuguese colony has often posted average GDP growth rates of more than 7% in the past decade. Yet it remains mired among the ten poorest countries in the world, with severe climate conditions and political instability being some of the main culprits. To make things worse, since 2017 attacks carried out by Islamic insurgent groups have plagued the gas-rich northern part of the country. Still, according to the IMF, the economy remains in high gear: it will expand by about 5% in 2024 and 2025, and it is projected to reach double-digit growth in the latter part of the decade.

4. Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)🇨🇩

Current International Dollars: 1,552 | View DRC’s GDP & Economic Data

Since gaining independence from Belgium in 1960, the DRC has suffered decades of rapacious dictatorship, political instability and constant violence, making it a regular in our rankings of the world’s poorest countries. About 65% of the country’s roughly 100 million population gets by on less than $2.15 a day. Yet the World Bank says the DRC has the resources and potential to become one of the richest countries in Africa and a growth driver for the entire continent. The country is already the world’s largest producer of cobalt and Africa’s leading source of copper—essentials in the production of electric vehicles.

3. Central African Republic (CAR)🇨🇫

Current International Dollars:  1,123 | View CAR’s GDP & Economic Data

Rich in gold, oil, uranium and diamonds, the Central African Republic is a very wealthy country inhabited by very poor people, and has been among the poorest countries in the world for the better part of a decade. For the first time since its independence from France in 1960, in 2016 the Central African Republic has democratically elected a president: former mathematics professor and prime minister Faustin Archange Touadéra, who campaigned as a peacemaker who could bridge the divide between the Muslim minority and the Christian majority.

Yet, while his successful election has been seen as an important step towards national reconstruction, large swaths of the country remain controlled by anti-government and militia groups. Despite problems and setbacks, in recent years growth has moderately picked up, driven by the timber industry, the revival of the agricultural sector, and the partially resumed sale of diamonds.

2. Burundi🇧🇮

Current International Dollars: 916 | View Burundi’s GDP & Economic Data

Tiny landlocked Burundi lacks natural resources and has been scarred by a civil war lasting from 1993 to 2005, whose aftermath is still a contributing factor to its ranking of the second-poorest country in the world. With about 80% of Burundi’s roughly 13 million citizens relying on subsistence agriculture, food insecurity is almost twice as high as the average for sub-Saharan African countries. Furthermore, access to water and sanitation remains very low and less than 5% of the population has electricity. President Evariste Ndayishimiye has made an effort to relaunch the economy and repair diplomatic relationships, and in 2022 both the US and the European Union resumed aid after lifting financial sanctions. Unfortunately, while growth is picking up, inflation is projected this year to be around 22%.

1. South Sudan🇸🇸

Current International Dollars: 455 | View South Sudan’s GDP & Economic Data

The very poorest of the world’s poorest countries, South Sudan has been wracked by violence since its creation in 2011. Rich in oil reserves, the landlocked state of roughly 15 million represents a textbook example of the “resource curse,” whereby abundance fosters political and social divisions, inequality, corruption and warfare. The majority of the population is employed in traditional agriculture, although violence and extreme climate events often prevent farmers from planting or harvesting crops. This year, an estimated 9 million people, over 60% of South Sudan’s population, will be in need of humanitarian assistance.

World’s Poorest Countries 2024

Rank Country/Territory GDP-PPP per capita ($)
1 South Sudan 455
2 Burundi 916
3 Central African Republic 1,123
4 Democratic Republic of the Congo 1,552
5 Mozambique 1,649
6 Niger 1,675
7 Malawi 1,712
8 Liberia 1,882
9 Madagascar 1,979
10 Yemen 1,996
11 Somalia 2,062
12 Sierra Leone 2,189
13 Chad 2,620
14 Solomon Islands 2,713
15 Mali 2,714
16 Burkina Faso 2,781
17 Togo 2,911
18 Vanuatu 2,939
19 Zimbabwe 2,975
20 The Gambia 2,993
21 Haiti 3,108
22 Lesotho 3,227
23 Guinea-Bissau 3,239
24 Uganda 3,345
25 Guinea 3,366
26 Rwanda 3,367
27 Sudan 3,443
28 Comoros 3,532
29 Papua New Guinea 3,534
30 Kiribati 3,614
31 Tanzania 3,746
32 Timor-Leste 3,767
33 Ethiopia 4,020
34 São Tomé and Príncipe 4,238
35 Zambia 4,361
36 Benin 4,558
37 Senegal 4,661
38 Micronesia 4,691
39 Republic of Congo 4,740
40 Cameroon 4,842
41 Nepal 5,032
42 Myanmar 5,203
43 Tajikistan 5,832
44 Tuvalu 6,056
45 Marshall Islands 6,313
46 Nigeria 6,340
47 Samoa 6,721
48 Kyrgyz Republic 6,790
49 Côte d’Ivoire 6,860
50 Pakistan 6,955
51 Kenya 6,976
52 Angola 7,153
53 Ghana 7,156
54 Tonga 7,462
55 Honduras 7,503
56 Mauritania 7,680
57 Djibouti 7,707
58 Nicaragua 8,137
59 Cambodia 8,287
60 Venezuela 8,486
61 Bangladesh 9,416
62 India 10,123
63 Lao P.D.R. 10,242
64 Cabo Verde 10,304
65 Bolivia 10,693
66 Nauru 10,823
67 Uzbekistan 10,936
68 Morocco 10,947
69 Guatemala 11,006
70 Belize 11,320
71 Iraq 11,937
72 Namibia 12,008
73 Philippines 12,192
74 Jordan 12,402
75 El Salvador 12,561
76 Eswatini 12,637
77 Jamaica 13,543
78 Tunisia 13,645
79 Ecuador 14,485
80 Dominica 15,280
81 Ukraine 15,464
82 Vietnam 15,470
83 Bhutan 15,978
84 Paraguay 16,291
85 South Africa 16,424
86 Algeria 16,483
87 Mongolia 16,504
88 Peru 16,631
89 Kosovo 16,775
90 Indonesia 16,861
91 Palau 17,381
92 Fiji 17,403
93 Egypt 17,614
94 Moldova 17,902
95 Equatorial Guinea 18,378
96 Suriname 18,928
97 St. Vincent and the Grenadines 19,196
98 Azerbaijan 19,328
99 Gabon 19,452
100 St. Lucia 19,718
101 Turkmenistan 19,729
102 Colombia 19,770
104 Botswana 20,097
105 Barbados 20,592
105 Bosnia and Herzegovina 20,623
106 Albania 20,632
107 Brazil 20,809
108 Islamic Republic of Iran 21,220
109 Armenia 21,746
110 Grenada 21,799
111 North Macedonia 22,249
112 Thailand 23,401
113 China 25,015
114 Georgia 25,248
115 Belarus 25,685
116 Mexico 25,963
117 Argentina 26,390
118 Libya 26,456
119 Dominican Republic 27,120
120 Antigua and Barbuda 27,309
121 Serbia 27,985
122 Costa Rica 28,558
123 Montenegro 29,696
124 Uruguay 30,170
125 Chile 31,005
126 Mauritius 32,094
127 Trinidad and Tobago 32,685
128 Kazakhstan 34,534
129 Bulgaria 35,963
130 Maldives 37,433
131 Russia 38,292
132 St. Kitts and Nevis 38,870
133 Malaysia 39,030
134 Oman 39,859
135 Greece 41,188
136 Latvia 41,730
137 Seychelles 43,151
138 Romania 43,179
139 Puerto Rico 43,219
140 Türkiye 43,921
141 Slovak Republic 44,081
142 Panama 44,797
143 Estonia 45,122
144 Hungary 45,692
145 Croatia 45,702
146 The Bahamas 46,524
147 Portugal 47,070
148 Poland 49,060
149 Czech Republic 50,475
150 Lithuania 50,600
151 Spain 52,012
152 Kuwait 52,274
153 Slovenia 53,287
154 New Zealand 53,797
155 Japan 54,184
156 Aruba 54,716
157 Israel 55,533
158 Italy 56,905
159 Cyprus 58,733
160 United Kingdom 58,880
161 Korea 59,330
162 France 60,339
163 Canada 60,495
164 Finland 60,851
165 Bahrain 62,671
166 Australia 66,627
167 Germany 67,245
168 Malta 67,682
169 Belgium 68,079
170 Andorra 69,146
171 Sweden 69,177
172 Austria 69,460
173 Saudi Arabia 70,333
174 Iceland 73,784
175 Netherlands 74,158
176 Hong Kong SAR 75,128
177 Taiwan 76,858
178 Brunei Darussalam 77,534
179 Denmark 77,641
180 Guyana 80,137
181 Norway 82,832
182 United States 85,373
183 San Marino 86,989
184 Switzerland 91,932
185 United Arab Emirates 96,846
186 Qatar 112,283
187 Singapore 133,737
188 Ireland 133,895
189 Macao SAR 134,141
190 Luxembourg 143,743

Source: International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook April 2024. Values are expressed in current international dollars, reflecting the corresponding exchange rates and PPP adjustments.

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